Εξάρθρημα

Published by barbamiagr on

Εξάρθρημα

Το εξάρθρημα χαρακτιρίζεται από την ρήξη του θυλάκου και ενός ή περισσότερων συνδέσμων της αρθρώσεως και την πλήρη παρεκτόπιση μεταξύ των αρθρικών επιφανειών. Είναι συχνή και βαριά κάκωση, που μπορεί να συμβεί σε όλες τις αρθρώσεις, περισσότερο όμως στον ώμο, τον αγκώνα, τις φαλαγγο-φαλαγγικές αρθρώσεις των δακτύλων, ακόμη όμως και στο ισχίο, στην ποδοκνημική και στις αρθρώσεις της σπονδυλικής στήλης, όπου όμως πολύ συχνά υπάρχει μαζί και κάταγμα.

Η θεραπεία του εξαρθρήματος, όπως και του υπεξαρθρήματος, γίνεται με την ανάταξη του, την ακινητοποίηση της αρθρώσεως για να επουλωθούν τα μαλακά μόρια της ώστε να μην υποτροπιάσει το εξάρθρημα, και τελικά με τη φυσικοθεραπεία για την αποκατάσταση της κινητικότητας της αρθρώσεως και της λειτουργικότητας του μέλους.

Οι επιπλοκές των εξαρθρημάτων και των υπεξαρθρημάτων είναι πολλές αλλά όχι πολύ συχνές. Οι πιο συνηθισμένες είναι η δυσκαμψία που προκαλείται από ενδοαρθρικές και εξωαρθρικές συμφύσεις και η μετατραυματική εκφυλιστική αρθρίτιδα, που οφείλεται στην κάκωση του αρθρικού χόνδρου κατά την ώρα του τραυματισμού ή σε άσηπτη νέκρωση του αρθρικού άκρου του ενός από τα οστά που σχηματίζουν την άρθρωση. Η νέκρωση αυτή γίνεται από την βλάβη των αγγείων της επιφύσεως και διαταραχή έτσι της αιματώσεως της, όπως συμβαίνει από εξάρθρημα του ισχίου, που η κεφαλή του μηριαίου οστού μπορεί να παρουσιάσει άσηπτη νέκρωση.

Άλλες επιπλοκές των εξαρθρημάτων είναι η αστάθεια της αρθρώσεως, η έκτοπη οστεοποίηση στην περιοχή της αρθρώσεως, το σύνδρομο Sudeck, η κάκωση αγγείων από το αρθρικό άκρο του οστού που παρεκτοπίσθηκε, και το <<καθ΄εξιν>> εξάρθρημα που χαρακτηρίζεται από τη συχνά επαναλαμβανόμενη εξάρθρωση χωρίς να προηγείται μεγάλη βία.

Φυσικοθεραπεία Εξαρθρημάτων

Η φυσικοθεραπευτική αγωγή στην θεραπεία και αποκατάσταση των εξαρθρημάτων αποσκοπεί τόσο στην ίαση όλων των ανατομικών στοιχείων της άρθρωσης που έχουν τραυματιστεί όσο και στην αποκατάσταση της κινητικότητας και σταθερότητας της άρθρωσης και της λειτουργικότητας του μέλους.

Θεαματικά αποτελέσματα σε όλα τα παραπάνω μετά από ένα εξάρθρημα μας παρέχει το (SIS) υπερεπαγωγικό σύστημα, καθώς και το TENS νευρομυική διέγερση

Καθώς και άλλα φυσικοθεραπευτικά μέσα είναι

  • Laser MLS
  • Κινησιοθεραπεία
  • Μυική Ενδυνάμωση
  • Ασκήσεις ιδιοδεκτικότητας
Categories: Παθήσεις

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